[01] Sue Sandra Sergius, Faculty of Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)), Melaka, Malaysia. [02] Joanne Yeo Suan Hui, Faculty of Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)), Melaka, Malaysia. [03] Viriya Low Hui Jian, Faculty of Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)), Melaka, Malaysia. [04] Pravina Nair, Faculty of Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)), Melaka, Malaysia. [05] Fatehjeet Singh, Faculty of Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)), Melaka, Malaysia.

Significant differences in lip prints were found in geographically distinct populations, and also in different gender and ethnicities. However, the data on the types of personality and lip prints seen in young adults are sparse. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the types of personality and the most common lip print type among young adults, and the association between gender, ethnicity and lip prints with personality along with the study of relationship between gender and ethnicity with lip prints among young adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a private medical college in Malaysia from April 2018 to May 2018. Lip print patterns were studied using the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi Classification whereas the socio-demographic and personality information were collected using a International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) Big-Five factor marker. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, unpaired T-test and ANOVA. The most common type of lip print seen in undergraduate students are Type I (40.70%) while the personality with the highest mean score is Agreeableness 25.33 (SD 5.06). There is significant association between gender and the personality domain Neuroticism (P value, 0.006), with mean score for male is 20.87 (SD 6.30) and female 17.86 (SD 7.00) respectively. There is association between ethnicity and Openness to experiences (P value, 0.003), in which the highest mean score is other ethnicities which is 26.08 (SD 6.24) whereas lowest mean score is Malay with 21.33 (SD 4.89). There is significant association between lip print and the personality domain Openness to experience (P value, 0.014), where lip print Type II shows the highest mean of 24.32 (SD 5.27). Studies on lip print patterns and personalities were done but correlative studies between lip print, gender, ethnicity and personality are limited. In this study, it is concluded that there is no association between gender, ethnicity and lip print. The most common lip print is Type I whereas the most common personality is Agreeableness. Males are more associated with the personality domain Neuroticism. Besides, there is significant association between Type II lip print and Openness to experiences.

Lip, Personality, Race, Young Adult, Survey

[01] Bleidorn W. What Accounts for Personality Maturation in Early Adulthood? Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2015; 24 (3): 245-252. [02] Boyce C, Wood A, Powdthavee N. Is Personality Fixed? Personality Changes as Much as “Variable” Economic Factors and More Strongly Predicts Changes to Life Satisfaction. Social Indicators Research. 2012; 111 (1): 287-305. [03] Ackerman C. The Big Five Personality Theory: The 5 Factor Model Explained (+PDF) [Internet]. Positivepsychologyprogram.com. 2018 [cited 5 April 2018]. Available from: https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/big-five-personality-theory/ [04] De Raad, B. and Perugini, M. (2002) Big Five Assessment. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe and Huber. [05] Gosling S, Rentfrow P, Swann W. A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality. 2003; 37 (6): 504-528. [06] John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 102–138). New York: Guilford Press. [07] Malaysia Personality Profile | 16Personalities [Internet]. 16personalities.com. 2018 [cited 5 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.16personalities.com/country-profiles/malaysia [08] Kajonius P, Mac Giolla E. Personality traits across countries: Support for similarities rather than differences. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (6): e0179646. [09] Mastor KA, Jin P, Cooper M. Malay culture and personality a big five perspective. American Behavioral Scientist. 2000 Sep; (1): 95-111. McCrae RR, Costa Jr PT. Personality trait structure as a human universal. American psychologist. 1997 May; 52 (5): 509. [10] Suzuki K, Tsuchihashi Y. A new Attempt of Personal Identification by Means of Lip Print. Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal. 1971; 4 (4): 154-158. [11] Dhall J, Kapoor A, Vats Y. Gender variation in morphological patterns of lip prints among some north Indian populations. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2012; 4 (1): 19. [12] Sharma N, Eldomiaty M, Gutiérrez-Redomero E, George A, Garud R, Sánchez-Andrés A et al. Diversity of human lip prints: a collaborative study of ethnically distinct world populations. Annals of Human Biology. 2014; 41 (6): 568-578 [13] Hamzah N, Osman K, Xu N, Hamzah S. Lip Prints in Sex and Race Determination [Internet]. Ejournal.ukm.my. 2018 [cited 5 April 2018]. Available from: http://ejournal.ukm.my/jskm/article/view/1236/1107 [14] Nagpal B, Hegde U, Sreeshyla H, Arun M. Comparative Evaluation of Lip Prints Among Indian and Malaysian Students. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. 2015; 37 (2): 131. [15] Nagasupriya A, Dhanapal R, Reena K, Saraswathi T R, Ramachandran C R. Patterns - "A crime solver". J Forensic Dent Sci 2011; 3: 3-7 [16] Alzapur A, Nagothu RS, Nalluri HB. Lip prints-A study of its uniqueness among students of MediCiti Medical College. Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology. 2017 Jan; 4 (1): 68. [17] Daniel W. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. Biometrics. 1995; 51 (1): 386. [18] Verma Y, Einstein A, Gondhalekar R, Verma A, George J, Chandra S et al. A study of lip prints and its reliability as a forensic tool. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015; 6 (1): 25. [19] Goldberg L. The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment. 1992; 4 (1): 26-42. [20] George R, Nora Afandi N, Zainal Abidin S, Binti Ishak N, Soe H, Ismail A. Inheritance pattern of lip prints among Malay population: A pilot study. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2016; 39: 156-160. [21] SR A. Comparison of Lip Print Patterns in Two Indian Subpopulations and Its Correlation in ABO Blood Groups. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;. [22] Hakimi S, Hejazi E, Lavasani M. The Relationships Between Personality Traits and Students’ Academic Achievement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 29: 836-845. [23] Agreeableness [Internet]. 123test.com. 2018 [cited 1 May 2018]. Available from: https://www.123test.com/personality-agreeableness/ [24] Sandhu S, Bansal H, Monga P, Bhandari R. Study of lip print pattern in a Punjabi population. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2012; 4 (1): 24. [25] Rao B, Srinivasan S, Natarajan M. Evaluation and Comparison of Lip Print Patterns Among Indians, Chinese and Malay - MU Digital Repository [Internet]. Eprints.manipal.edu. 2014 [cited 30 April 2018]. Available from: http://eprints.manipal.edu/id/eprint/139348 [26] Bijjargi S, Malligere S, Sangle V, F. K. S, Majid I, S. R. A. A new attempt in comparison between 3 racial groups in India - based on lip prints (Cheiloscopy). International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences. 2015; 1 (3): 20-23 [27] Lynn R, Martin T. Gender Differences in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism in 37 Nations. The Journal of Social Psychology. 1997; 137 (3): 369-373. [28] Williams J, Satterwhite R, Best D. Pancultural Gender Stereotypes Revisited: The Five Factor Model. Sex Roles. 1999; 40 (7-8): 513-525. [29] McCrae RR, Costa Jr PT, Del Pilar GH, Rolland JP, Parker WD. Cross-cultural assessment of the five-factor model: The Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1998 Jan; 29 (1): 171-88. [30] Prasad Reddy D, Abidullah M, Kumar M, Bhorgonde K. Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy: Do they dictate personality patterns? Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2015; 7 (2): 114. [31] Atal D, Bhasin K, Das S. Study of Lip Prints in Medical Students in Relation to Personality Traits. Medico-Legal Update. 2016; 16 (1): 1. [32] Davis M. A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Corte Madera, CA: Select Press; 1995. [33] Melchers M, Li M, Haas B, Reuter M, Bischoff L, Montag C. Similar Personality Patterns Are Associated with Empathy in Four Different Countries. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016; 7.