[01] Mugahed AL-khadher, Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan; Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, AlNeelain University, Khartoum, Sudan. [02] Imad Fadl-Elmula, Al Neelain University, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum – Sudan.

Introduction: Heart failure is known to affect cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the present study aimed toidentify most common factors affecting compliance to treatment among Sudanese patients with heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January –October 2014on all heart failure patients (132) admittedto the Sudan heart Institute. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean with standard deviation (SD) Chi-square, P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result of present study revealed that overall of 132 patients’ compliance ranged between 7 (5.3%) and 117(88.6%) of the patients, the high rate of compliance was found in medications 117 (88.6%), and follow –up appointment keeping 108 (81.8)%. barriers or reasons of not complying with treatment compliance and life style modification were determined, the mainreasons were stopping medication due to; cost of the medications 56(42.4%), lack of knowledge to comply with the dietary restrictions102 (77.2%), lack of knowledge to weight himself daily 111(84.0%), lack of knowledge to comply with the dietary high in potassium 113(85.6%), and lack of knowledge to avoid drinking excess fluids 106(80.3%). Conclusion: The study showed that the knowledge seem to be main cause of non-compliance. Thus, education and counseling are extremely needed to increased patients-knowledge about their disease, in general to decreasing the level of non-complianceand to promoting of achieving the positive medical care outcomes as possible.

Heart Failure, Treatment Compliance, Factors, Sudan

[01] McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2012 Aug;14(8):803-69. [02] Jin J, Sklar GE, Min SO, V, Chuen LS. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008 Feb;4(1):269-86. [03] Ghali JK, Kadakia S, Cooper R, Ferlinz J. Precipitating factors leading to decompensation of heart failure. Traits among urban blacks. Arch Intern Med 1988 Sep;148(9):2013-6. [04] Michalsen A, Konig G, Thimme W. Preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission with decompensated heart failure. Heart 1998 Nov;80(5):437-41. [05] Tsuyuki RT, McKelvie RS, Arnold JM, Avezum A, Jr., Barretto AC, Carvalho AC, et al. Acute precipitants of congestive heart failure exacerbations. Arch Intern Med 2001 Oct 22;161(19):2337-42. [06] Rosner F. Patient noncompliance: causes and solutions. Mt Sinai J Med 2006 Mar;73(2):553-9. [07] Kane S, Huo D, Aikens J, Hanauer S. Medication nonadherence and the outcomes of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Am J Med 2003 Jan;114(1):39-43. [08] van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJ, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs. Eur Heart J 2006 Feb;27(4):434-40. [09] van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ. Non-compliance in patients with heart failure; how can we manage it? Eur J Heart Fail 2005 Jan;7(1):5-17. [10] Lakdizaji S, Hassankhni H, Mohajjel AA, Khajegodary M, Salehi R. Effect of educational program on quality of life of patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. J Caring Sci 2013 Mar;2(1):11-8. [11] van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJ, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs. Eur Heart J 2006 Feb;27(4):434-40. [12] Evangelista LS, Berg J, Dracup K. Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure. Heart Lung 2001 Jul;30(4):294-301. [13] Nieuwenhuis MM, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Wal MH. Self-reported versus 'true' adherence in heart failure patients: a study using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Neth Heart J 2012 Aug;20(7-8):313-9. [14] Evangelista LS, Berg J, Dracup K. Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure. Heart Lung 2001 Jul;30(4):294-301. [15] Nieuwenhuis MM, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Wal MH. Self-reported versus 'true' adherence in heart failure patients: a study using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Neth Heart J 2012 Aug;20(7-8):313-9. [16] van der Wal MH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Veeger NJ, Rutten FH, Jaarsma T. Compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations and outcome in heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 2010 Jun;31(12):1486-93. [17] Yayehd K, Damorou F, N'cho Mottoh MP, Tcherou T, Johnson A, Pessinaba S, et al. [Compliance to treatment in heart failure patients in Lome]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2013 Feb;62(1):22-7. [18] van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ. Non-compliance in patients with heart failure; how can we manage it? Eur J Heart Fail 2005 Jan;7(1):5-17. [19] Cline CM, Bjorck-Linne AK, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt LR. Non-compliance and knowledge of prescribed medication in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 1999 Jun;1(2):145-9.