[01] Sabbour M. M., Department of Pests and Plant Protection, Dep. National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

The effect of Chitosan and nano Chitosan tested on the target insect pest Schistocerca gregaria. Results obtained showed that, under laboratory conditions, the LC50of the newly hatched is recorded, 278, 244 233, 247 and 241 ppm for newly hatched, nymphs, Last nymphal stage Adult ♀ and Adult ♂ respectively. Also, when S. gregaria treated with nano- Chitosan, the LC50s obtained 268,204,213,231, and 132 ppm for Newly hatched, nymph, Last nymphal stage, Adult ♀ and Adult ♂, respectively after treated with nano-Chitosan. Also, results recorded that, the Number of egg laid/femal±SE recorded, 158±2.2 and 88±0.01 eggs / female after treated with Chitosan and nano- Chitosanas compared to 258±3.11 eggs / female in the control (Table 2). The % of Adult ♀ and % of Adult ♂ significantly decreased to 18 and 10 after nano-Chitosantreatments as compared to 99 and 99% in the control. Our results showed, under semi field conditions, the number of S. gregaria were significantly decreased after the Chitosanand nano-Chitosantreatment, the number of infestations with S. gregaria decreased to 29±3.6 and 8±1.1 individuals after120 days of treatments.

Locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Chitosan, Nano

[01] Bhuiyan, K. A. and Fakir G. A. (1993). Prevalence of seed-borne infection of Colletotrichum dematium var. truncatum on soybean and its control both in- vitro and in- vivo with different seed dressing fungicides. Thai J. Agric. Sci., 26: 1-10. [02] Harris, C. A., Renfrew M. J. and M. W. Woolridge (2001),. Assessing the risk of pesticide residues to consumers: recent and future developments”. Food Add and Cont., 18: 1124-1129. [03] El Ghaouth, A. and Wilson C. L. (1995). Biologically-based technologies for the control of postharvest diseases,” Postharvest News and Information, 6: pp. 5N–11N. [04] Jo, Y. K., Kim B. H. and Jung G. (2009). Antifungal activity of silver ions and nanoparticles on phytopathogenic fungi”. Plant Dis., 93: 1037-1043. [05] Rabea, E. I. Badawy M. E. I., Steurbaut W. and Stevens C. V. (2009). In- vitro assessment of N-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives against some plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi,” European Polymer J., 45(1): 237–245. [06] Badawy, M. E. I. (2010). Structure and antimicrobial activity relationship of quaternary N-alkyl chitosan derivatives against some plant pathogens, J. of Appl. Polymer Sci, 117(2): 960–969. [07] Kaur, P., Thakur R. and Choudhary A. (2012). An in-vitro study of antifungal activity of silver/chitosan nanoformulations against important seed borne pathogens. Int. J. of Scientific & Technology Res., 1(6): 83-86. [08] El-Mohamedy, R. S., Abdel-Kareem F., Jaboun-Khiareddine H. and Daami-Remadi M. (2014). Chitosan and Trichoderma harzianum as fungicide alternatives for controlling Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato. Tunisian J. of Plant Prot., 9: 31-43. [09] El-Shazly, M. M. 2000. Laboratory studies on the effect of selected host plant species on certain life table statistics of the grasshopper Heteracris littoralis (Rambur) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool. 33 (E): 65-79. [10] Amer, M. M.; T. I. El-Sayed; H. K. Bakheit; S. A. Moustafa and Yasmin A. El-Sayed (2008). Pathogenicity and Genetic Variability of Five entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera littoralis. Res. J. Agric. and Biolog. Sci., 4(5): 354-367. [11] Uvarov, B. P. (1966). Grasshoppers and Locusts. A Handbook of General Acridology. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. [12] Uvarov, B. P. (1977). Grasshoppers and Locusts. A Handbook of General Acridology. Vol. 2. Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London, UK [13] Sabbour, M. M. (2013). Evaluating toxicity of extracted destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop., 14(1): 35-41. [14] Sabbour, M. M. (2013). Evaluating toxicity of extracted destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against the grasshopper Hetiracris littoralis in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop., 14(1): 29-34. [15] Vidyalakshmi, R., Bhakyaraj and Subhasree, R. S. 2009. Encapsulation the future of probiotics-A review. Adv.Biol. Res. 3(3-4): 96-103. [16] Sakulk, Nuchuchua, U., Uawongyart, Puttipipatkhachorn, N., Soottitantawat and Ruktanonchai, U. 2009. Characterization and mosquito repellent activity of citronella oil nano emulsion. Int. J. Pharm. 372: 105-111. [17] Sameh, A. Moustafa; Ahmed, E. Abd El-Mageed; Mostafa, M. El-Metwally and Nabil, M. Ghanim (2009). Efficacy of Spinosad, Lufenuron and Malathion against olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci., 2 (2): 171-178. [18] Abbott, W. W. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol 18: 265-267. [19] Finney, D. J. (1971). Probit Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [20] Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran W. G. (1980). Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press. [21] Shovan, M., Bhuiyan K. A., Sultana N., Begum j. A. and Pervez Z. (2008). Prevalence of fungi associated with soybean seeds and pathogenicity tests of the major seed-borne pathogens. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(4): 24-33. [22] Sabbour, M. M. 2014a. Evaluating toxicity of extracted nano -Destruxin against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop. 15(2): 9-17. [23] Sabbour, M. M. 2014b. Evaluating Toxicity of nano-Extracted Destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae Against the grasshopper Hetiracris littoralis in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop. 15(2): 1-7. [24] Sabbour M. M1 and S. M. Singer. 2015. Control of locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by using imidaclorprid. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 10, October-2015. 243-247. [25] Sabbour M. M and S. M. Singer. 2015. Control of Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Using Imidaclorprid. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064. [26] Sabbour, M. M. 2014. Evaluating toxicity of extracted nano -Destruxin against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop. 15(2): 9-17. [27] Sabbour M. M. 2013e. Evaluating toxicity of extracted destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in Egypt. J. Egypt. Acad. Environ. Develop. 14(1): 35-41. [28] Sabbour, M. M. and Shadia E. Abed El-Aziz (2002). Efficacy of some botanical oils formulated with microbial agents against the cotton leafworm and greasy cutworm attaching cotton plants. Bull. Ent. Soc. Egypt. ser. 28, 2001-2002: 135-151. [29] Sabbour, M. M. and Shadia, E. Abd-El-Aziz (2010). Efficacy of some bioinsecticides against Bruchidius incarnatus (BOH.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Infestation during storage. J. Plant Prot. Res. 50 (1): 28-34. [30] Sabbour, M. M. and Sahab, A. F. (2005). Efficacy of some microbial control agents against cabbage pests in Egypt. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 8: 1351-1356. [31] Sabbour, M. M. and Sahab, A. F. (2007). Efficacy of some microbial control agents against Agrotis ipsilon and Heliothis armigera in Egypt. Bull. N.R.C. Egypt. 13. [32] Sabbour, M. M 2015. Efficacy of nano-extracted destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), under laboratory and store conditions Integrated Protection of Stored Products. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 111, 2015. pp. 361-367. [33] Sabbour, Magda and MA Abdel-Raheem.2015. TOXICITY OF THE FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA AND THREE OILS EXTRACT AGAINST SITOPHILUS GRANARIES UNDER LABORATORY AND STORE CONDITIONS. American J. of innovative research and applied sci. 251-256. [34] Sabbour, Magda and MA Abdel-Raheem.2015. Determinations the efficacy of Beauveria brongniartii and Nomuraea rileyi against the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). The American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. 1(6): 197-202 [35] Sabbour M. M. 2015a. Laboratory and Store Efficacy of Nano-Extracted Destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae Against Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera-Pyralidae). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2015, pp. 142-147. (http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/ajbls). [36] Sabbour M. M. 2015b. The Toxicity Effect of Nano Fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium flavoviride against the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences. 3 (5): 155-160. [37] Sabbour, M. M. 2015. Nano-Chitosan Against Three Olive Pests Under Laboratory and Field Conditions Open Science Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2(5: 45-49 90. [38] Sabbour, M. M. 2015. Efficacy of some nano-Imidacloprid against red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under laboratory and store conditions. Advances in Biochemistry & Biotechnology. 1-13. [39] Sabbour, M. M. and Shadia El-Sayed Abd-El-Aziz. 2015. Efficacy of some nano-diatomaceous earths against red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under laboratory and store conditions. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 4 [7] June 2015: 54-59. [40] Sahab, A. F.; Waly, A. I., Sabbour, M. M. and Lubna S. Nawar. 2015. Synthesis, antifungal and insecticidal potential of Chitosan (CS)-g-poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) nanoparticles against some seed borne fungi and insects of soybean. Vol. 8, No. 2, pp 589-598. [41] Sahab, A. F. and Sabbour, M. M. (2011). Virulence of four entomo-pathogenic fungi on some cotton pests with especial reference to impact of some pesticides, nutritional and environmental factors on fungal growth. Egyp. J. Boil. Pest Cont., 21 (1): 61-67. [42] Sabbour, M. M. 2015. Efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium flavoviride against corn pests under laboratory and store conditions in Egypt. Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology,: 2454-4205, Vol.: 5, Issue.: 1. [43] Sabbour, M. M. 2015. A novel pathogenicity of nano- Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizeium anisoplae aginst Sitophius oryzae (Coleoptera: Curuliondae) under laboratory and store conditions. CONDITIONS. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 12, December-2015. Vol.8, No. 12 pp 121-129. [44] Hussein M. M. Sabbour M. M. and Sawsan Y. El-Faham. 2015. Adenine and Guanine application and its Effect on Salinity tolerant of Wheat plants and Pest infestations. International Journal of ChemTech Research. Vol. 8, No. 12 pp 121-129. [45] Sabbour, M. M 2015. Efficacy of nano-extracted destruxin from Metarhizium anisopliae against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory and store conditions. Integrated Protection of Stored Products IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 111, 2015. pp. 369-375.