[01] Omolara Jones, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. [02] Elijah Ojo Openiyi, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. [03] Samuel Olanrewaju Thompson, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. [04] Damilola Orija, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. [05] Babafemi Raphael Babaniyi, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. [06] Olubode Olumuyiwa Ajayi, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Dumpsites and scrapyards are of great concern in the recent times, especially dumpsites containing materials made from heavy metals because they pose dangers to people in contact with the soils and plants of these sites. In Nigeria, one of the major sources of heavy metal pollution to soil is through leachates from refuse dumpsites and metal scrapyards. The Igbatoro dumpsite is in Akure township while the metal scrapyard used for this study is located at Oke-Aro Market. The metal scrapyard is in a residential area and may be a risk to the resident of such an area. Soil samples taken from these sites were analyzed for their properties, heavy metal concentration and metal speciation using standard methods. The pollution indices (index of geo-accumulation and mobility factor) of the soil samples were also examined. The result from this study showed that the total heavy metal concentration was higher in the scrap yard than in the dumpsite. The control sites had lesser heavy metal concentration in most instances indicating that these heavy metals concentrations are due to anthropogenic activities. Lead and Cadmium were found more in the Fe-Mn and carbonate fraction from the sequential extraction of the metal suggesting that these metals may be mobile given the right condition. The Cd, Cr and Pb fraction at the scrapyard have high mobility percentage because of its much occurrence in the carbonate fraction. The higher mobility of Cd and Pb in the scrapyard makes these metals very much available to leach into the ground water or become bioavailable for plant around the sites at favorable condition like acidic pH.

Heavy Metals, Dumpsite, Scrap Yard, Sequential Extraction, Mobility Factor

[01] Ajah, K. C., Ademiluyi, J., and Nnaji, C. C. (2015). Spatiality, seasonality and ecological risks of heavy metals in the vicinity of a degenerate municipal central dumpsite in Enugu, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13 (1), 15. [02] Odukoya, O. O., Bamgbose, O., and Arowolo, T. A. (2001). Heavy metals in topsoils of Abeokuta dump sites. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7 (3), 467-472. [03] Ideriah, J. K. T., Omuaru, O. T. V., and Adiukwu, U. P. (2005). Heavy metal contamination of soils around municipal solid wastes dump in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (1), 1-4. [04] Oyelola, O. T., Babatunde, A. I., and Odunlade, A. K. (2009). Health implications of solid waste disposal: case study of Olusosun dumpsite, Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3 (2), 1-8. [05] Hardy D. H., Myers J. and Stokes C. (2008). Heavy Metals in North Carolina Soils Occurrence & Significance. N. C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, pp. 1-2. [06] Inengite, A. K., Abasi, C. Y., and Walter, C. (2015). Application of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal pollution in flood impacted soil. Int. Res. J. Pure Appl. Chem, 8 (3), 175-189. [07] Thompson S. O, Ogundele O. D, Abata E. O and Ajayi O. M (2019). Heavy metals distribution and pollution indices of scrapyards soils, international Journal of current research in Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 3 (1). [08] Osakwe, S. A. (2010). Chemical speciation and mobility of some heavy metals in soils around automobile waste dumpsites in Northern part of Niger Delta, South Central Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 14 (4). [09] Kabala, C., and Singh, B. R. (2001). Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soilprofiles in the vicinity of a copper smelter. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30(2), 485-492. [10] Ilori Adedotun Olakunle, Thompson Samuel Olanrewaju, Ajayi Olubode Olumuyiwa. (2018). Investigation of Heavy Metal Content on Dumpsites Soil and Vegetables Grown: A case study of Ilesha metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 4 (12), 178-184. [11] Akinnusotu, A., & Arawande, J. O. (2016). Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Concentration in Sub Surface Soil at Different Dumpsites in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, 8, 21-28. [12] Baker, A. J. M., Mcgrath, S. P., Reeves, R. D., and Smith, J. A. C. (2000). Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of a biological resource for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils. Oxford University research Archive [13] Tripathi, A., & Misra, D. R. (2012). A study of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in contaminated soils of municipal waste dumpsites at Allahabad, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2 (4), 2024. [14] Dara, S. S. (1993). A textbook of environmental chemistry and pollution control. S. Chand publishers. New Delhi. 167-223. [15] Adaikpoh, E. O. (2013). Distribution And Enrichment Of Heavy Metals In Soils From Waste Dump Sites Within Imoru And Environs, Southwest Nigeria. J. Environ. Earth Sci, 3, 45-48. [16] Awokunmi, E. E., Asaolu, S. S., Adefemi, S. O., and Gbolagade, A. Y. (2015) Contributions of Municipal Solid Waste to Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil Near OkeEse Dumpsite, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection. [17] Adedeji O. H., Olayinka, O. O., and Nwanya, F. C. (2014). Soil and Water Pollution Levels in and around Urban Scrapyards. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. 4 (8), 01-08. [18] Victoria, A. O., and Lajide, L. (2014). Surface Soil Pollution By Heavy Metals: A Case Study Of Two Refuse Dumpsites In Akure Metropolis. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 3 (1), 1-12. [19] FAO/WHO (2011). Codex Alimentariuis Commission (FAO/WHO): Food additives and contaminants. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program; ALINORM 01/12A; pp. 1-289. [20] Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). (2002). Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industries in Nigeria (revised edition). Department of Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Abuja, Nigeria. [21] Iwegbue, C. M. (2011). Assessment of heavy metals Speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 23 (1), 7-15 [22] Abeh, T., Gungshik, J., and Adamu, M. M. (2007). Speciation Studies of trace elements levels in sediments from Zaramagada stream in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 32 (2), 218-225. [23] Graham, D. R., and Stangoulis, J. C. (2003). Trace element uptake and distribution in plants. Crit. Revision. Plant Science. 14: 49-82. [24] Carot, S; O’ Day, P. A; Esser, B; and Randal, S (2002). Speciation and fate of trace metals in estuarine sediments under reduced and oxidized conditions. Seaplane Lagoon. Alameda Naval Air Station (USA). Geochem. Trans. 3 (10): 81-101. [25] Holtra, A., and Zamorska-Wojdyla, (2020). The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland’s Lower Silesia. Enivironmental Science and Pollution Research, 27 (14), 16086-16099.