International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research
Articles Information
International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research, Vol.4, No.3, Sep. 2018, Pub. Date: Aug. 6, 2018
Perception of Households Towards Quality of Water: An Appraisal of Household Drinking Water in Urban Ghana
Pages: 32-40 Views: 1686 Downloads: 416
Authors
[01] Emmanuel Kwang, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana.
[02] Elvis Junior Dun-Dery, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
[03] Luke Ojo, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana.
[04] Eric Amponsah, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana.
[05] Kwame Yeboah, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana.
[06] Peprah Naomi Owusu, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana.
[07] Henry Ofosu Addo, Department of Environmental Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Abstract
The goal of ensuring water quality is to improve the livelihood and health of citizens in different regions by improving access to potable water, safe sanitation and hygiene. Ensuring drinking-water quality, concerns assessing microbial priorities, and chemical priorities. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey and employed only quantitative data collection methods in selecting 150 participants. The study was done in the East Akim Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study was done from April to October 2016 and study-specific structured questionnaires were used in the data collection over a period of three weeks. Water quality within the Municipality was almost universal, as 92% confirmed their water was of good quality. Notwithstanding, 73% paid for water at all times and 77% experienced water shortage. More than half of the respondents (53%) confirmed treating their water before drinking. The main sources of water for drinking (p<0.018), sources of water used for other purposes (p<0.002), and frequency of water shortage (p<0.001) were variables associated with quality of water. Further analysis indicates that neither borehole (AOR 1.875, 95%CI: 0.407 - 8.633) nor sachet water (AOR 0.420, 95%CI:.175-1.008) determined the quality of water. Among this group of households interviewed, less than half of the respondents were associated with the use of quality water. Stakeholder advocacy on the proper treatment and use of quality water among community members will help improve living standards and ensure community water quality continuously meets WHO and national quality standards in Ghana.
Keywords
Water Quality, East Akim, Microbial, Households, Perception, Appraisal, Drinking Water
References
[01] Nerkar, S. S., Tamhankar, A. J., Johansson, E., & Lundborg, C. S. (2013). Improvement in health and empowerment of families as a result of watershed management in a tribal area in India - a qualitative study. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 42 (13).
[02] Haller, L., Hutton, G., & Bartram, J. (2007). Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level. Journal of Water and Health. http://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.008
[03] Zhou, Z., Huang, T., Ma, W., Li, Y., & Zeng, K. (2015). Impacts of water quality variation and rainfall runoff on Jinpen Reservoir, in Northwest China. Water Science and Engineering, 8 (4), 301–308. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2015.12.003
[04] Bain, R. E. S., Gundry, S. W., Wright, J. A., Yang, H., & Bartram, J. K. (2012). Accounting for water quality in monitoring access to safe drinking-water as part of the Millennium Development Goals : lessons from five countries. Bullletin; World Health Organization, 90, 228–235. http://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.09428.
[05] Admassu, M., Wubshet, M., & Gelaw, B. (2004). A survey of bacteriological quality of drinking water in North Gondar. Ethopian Journal of Health Development, 18 (2).
[06] WHO (2006). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (Vol. 1).
[07] Davies, J., & Mazumder, A. (2003). Health and environmental policy issues in Canada : the role of watershed management in sustaining clean drinking water quality at surface sources, 68, 273–286. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00070-7
[08] Meng, F., Fu, G., & Butler, D. (2016). Water quality permitting : From end-of-pipe to operational strategies. Water Research, 101, 114–126. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.078
[09] Akter, T., Jhohura, F. T., Akter, F., Chowdhury, T. R., Mistry, S. K., & Dey, D. (2016). Water Quality Index for measuring drinking water quality in rural Bangladesh : a cross- sectional study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0041-5
[10] WHO/UNICEF. (2014). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation.
[11] WHO. (2004). Uranium in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.
[12] Montgomery, M. A. A. (2007). Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries: Including Health in the Equation. Environmental Science & Technology.
[13] Ministry of Water. (2011). 3rd Ghana Water Forum, Accra, Ghana, 2011 Water and Sanitation Services Delivery in a Rapidly Changing Urban Environment. Ghana Water Forum Journal.
[14] Bartram, J., & Cairncross, S. (2010). Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water : Forgotten Foundations of Health. PLoS Medicine, 7 (11), 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000367
[15] Ghana Statistical Service. (2015). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service. Retrieved from http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR307/FR307.pdf
[16] Morakinyo, O. M., Adebowale, S. A., & Oloruntoba, E. O. (2015). Wealth status and sex differential of household head : implication for source of drinking water in Nigeria. Archives of Public Health, 58 (73), 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-015-0105-9
[17] Othman, Z., & Buys, L. (2016). Towards more culturally inclusive domestic toilet facilities in Australia. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 5 (3), 383–391. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2016.06.004
[18] Thomas, C., Wolf-Peter, S., Tamer, R., Ian, R., & Cairncross Sandy. (2007). Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Research, 334. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39118.489931.
[19] Carter, R. C., Tyrrel, S. F., & Howsam, P. (1999). Impact and Sustainability of Community Water Supply and Sanitation programmes in developing countries. Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 13 (August), 292–296.
[20] Black, R. E., Epstein, L. D., Checkley, W., Gilman, R. H., Black, R. E., Epstein, L. D., … Sterling, C. R. (2004). Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15261-0
[21] Rufener, S., Mäusezahl, D., Mosler, H., & Weingartner, R. (2010). Quality of Drinking-water at Source and Point-of- consumption — Drinking Cup As a High Potential Recontamination Risk : A Field Study in Bolivia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 28 (1), 34–41.
[22] Yasin, M., Ketema, T., & Bacha, K. (2015). Physico ‑ chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 1–13. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1376-5
[23] Quick, R., Venczel, L., Gonzalez, O., Mintz, E., Highsmith, A., Espada, A., … Tauxe, R. (1996). Narrow-mouthed water storage vessels and in situ chlorination in a Bolivian community : a simple method to improve drinking water quality. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54 (November), 511–516.
[24] Cairncross, S., Hunt, Ã. C., Boisson, S., Bostoen, K., Curtis, V., & Fung, I. C. H. (2010). Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39. http://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq035
[25] Ersel, M. (2015). Water and Sanitation Standards in Humanitarian Action. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15 (Suppl 1), 27–33. http://doi.org/10.5505/1304.7361.2015.48753.
[26] Dam, S., Awang, H., Daud, Z., Zainuri, M., & Hatta, M. (2015). Hydrology Properties and Water Quality Assessment of the Sembrong Dam, Johor, Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2868–2873. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.409
[27] Liguori, G., Cavallotti, I., Arnese, A., Amiranda, C., Anastasi, D., & Angelillo, I. F. (2010). Microbiological quality of drinking water from dispensers in Italy. BMC Microbiology, 19 (10).
[28] Boye, B. A., Falconer, R. A., & Akande, K. (2015). Integrated water quality modelling : Application to the Ribble Basin, U. K. Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 9 (2), 187–199. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2014.07.002.
[29] Mann, A. G., Tam, C. C., Higgins, C. D., & Rodrigues, L. C. (2007). The association between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness : a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 7, 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-256.
[30] Mintz, E., Bartram, J., Lochery, P., & Wegelin, M. (2001). Not Just a Drop in the Bucket : Expanding Access to Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems. American Journal of Public Health, 10 (91), 10.
[31] Gwimbi, P. (2011). The microbial quality of drinking water in Manonyane community : Maseru District (Lesotho). African Health Sciences, 11 (3), 7.
[32] Pant, N. D., Poudyal, N., & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2016). Bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water versus municipal tap water in Dharan municipality, Nepal. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 17 (35), 1–6. http://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0054-0
[33] Strauss, B., King, W., Ley, A., & Hoey, J. R. (2001). A prospective study of rural drinking water quality and acute gastrointestinal illness. BMC Public Health, 8 (1), 7–12.
[34] Visser, L. G., Surjadi, C., & Dissel, J. T. Van. (2005). A Survey of the Supply and Bacteriologic Quality of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Jakarta, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine Public Health, 36 (6).
600 ATLANTIC AVE, BOSTON,
MA 02210, USA
+001-6179630233
AIS is an academia-oriented and non-commercial institute aiming at providing users with a way to quickly and easily get the academic and scientific information.
Copyright © 2014 - American Institute of Science except certain content provided by third parties.