Articles Information
International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Vol.2, No.1, Feb. 2016, Pub. Date: Jan. 18, 2016
Detection of β-lactamases Enzymes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nasal Cavity of Healthy Studentsβ
Pages: 32-37 Views: 3268 Downloads: 1273
Authors
[01]
Ahmed Mohammed Sulaiman, Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Science University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.
Abstract
20 S. aureas isolates isolated from 80 students, specimens were collected from the anterior narse using small sterile swabs placed in a screw-cap container containing transport (brain heart infusion broth) medium, All 20 S. aureas isolates capable of fermenting manitol were sub cultured on blood agar, only 10 isolates were ß-hemolytic representing 50% Whereas 7 isolates were found to be non hemolytic or -hemolytic representing 35%, and 3 isolates were -hemolytic representing 15%, All S. aureus (coagulase positive) isolates (20) had a -lactamase activity (100%) according to Detection of -lactamase Enzyme by Rapid Iodometric Method.
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus, β-lactam, Gram Positive
References
[01]
Al-Douri, A. A. (1999). Bacterial and Genetic study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human and animal specimens. MS.c thesis. College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Baghdad, Iraq. (In Arabic).
[02]
Al-Jabury, R.A. (2000). Detection of b-lactamase in a number of clinical isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the effect of some prepared chemical compounds on theses bacteria. MSc. Thesis. College of Science. University of Mosul, Iraq. (In Arabic).
[03]
Archer, G. L. (1998). Staphylococcus aureus: a well-armed pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 26: 1179-81.
[04]
Assadullah S, Kakru DK, Thoker MA, et al. 2003. Emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in MRSA. Indian J Med Microbiol, 21: 196–8.
[05]
Balaban, N. and Rasooly, A. (2000). Staphylococcal enterotoxins. International Journal of Food Microbiology 61: 1-10.
[06]
Benson, (2001). Microbiological Application Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology.8th ed., Mc Grow-Hill. London.
[07]
Bondi, JA, Dietz, CC. Penicillin resistant staphylococci. Proc. Royal Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. 1945. 60: 55-58.
[08]
Boyce, J. M. (1997). Epidemiology and prevention of nosocomial infections. The Staphylococci in human disease. Crossley, K. and Archer, G. New York, Churchill Livingstone: 309-329.
[09]
Bunikowski, R., Mielke, M. E., Skarabis, H., Worm, M., nagnostopoulos, I., Kolde, G., Wahn, U. and Renz, H. (2000). Evidence for a disease-promoting effect of Staphylococcus aureusderived exotoxins in atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 105: 814-9.
[10]
Bush, K. (1988). b-lactamase inhibitors from laboratory to clinic. Clin. Mirobiol. Rev. 1: 109-123.
[11]
Carter, P. E., Begbie, K. and Thomson-Carter, F. M. (2003). Coagulase gene variants associated with distinct populations of Staphylococcus aureus. Epidemiology and Infection 130: 207-219.
[12]
Catlin, W.B. (1975). Iodometric detection of Haemophilus influenzae b-lactamase; rapid presumptive test for ampicillin resistance. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 7: 265-260.
[13]
Chambers HF. 2001. The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus?Emerg Infect Dis, 7: 178–82.
[14]
Clarke S, Dyke KGH. Studies of the operator region of the s. aureus β-lactamase operon, J Antimicrob Chemother, 47, 377-389, 2001.
[15]
Collee, J. G.; Fraesr, A.G.; Marmion, B.P. and Simmons, A. (1996).
[16]
Coller, J.G., Miles, R.S. and Watt, B. (1996). Tests for identification of bacteria In: Mackie and Mc Cartney Practical Medical Microbiology (14th ed.). pp: 131-149.
[17]
Cosgrove SE, Sakoulas G, Perencevich EN, et al. 2003. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis, 36: 53–9.
[18]
Crossley KB, Archer GL (eds.), The Staphylococci in Human Disease (1st ed.), Churchill Livingstone, 136-157, 1996.
[19]
Dinges, M., Paul, M. and Schlievert, P. (2000). Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13: 16-34.
[20]
Dubin, G. (2002). Extracellular proteases of Staphylococcus spp. Biological Chemistry 383: 1075-86.
[21]
Dyke KGH, Gregory PD. Resistance to betalactam antibiotics: resistance mediated by betalactamase, Crossley KB, Archer GL (eds.), The staphylococci in Human Disease (1st ed.), Churchill Livingstone, 136-157, 1996.
[22]
Folly, J.M. and Perret, G.J. (1962). Screening bacterial colonies for penicillinase production. Nature. 195: 287-288.
[23]
Fridkin, S.K.; Hageman, J.; Jarvis, W.R.; Perl, T.M. and Tanover, F.C. (2003). Epidemiological and microbiological characterization of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. National Epidemiol. J. 429-439.
[24]
Gillespie, S.H. and Hawkey, P.M. (2006). Principle and practice of clinical bacteriology. 2nd ed., John wiley and Sons Ltd. Birmingham, England.
[25]
Gregory, PD, Lewis, RA, Curnock, SP, Dyke, KG. Studies of the repressor (BlaI) of beta-lactamase synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 1997. 24: 1025-1037.
[26]
Ing, M. B., Baddour, L. M. and Bayer, A. S. (1997). Bacteremia and infective endocarditis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and complications. The Staphylococci in human disease. Crossley, K. and Archer, G. New York, Churchill Livingstone: 331-354.
[27]
Jevons MP. 1961. “Celbenin”-resistant staphylococci. Br Med J, 1: 124–25.
[28]
Jones, R.N. (1996). Impact of changing pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the treatment of serious infection in hospitalized patients. Am. J. Med. 100: 3-12.
[29]
Karlsson, A. and Arvidson, S. (2002). Variation in extracellular protease production among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus due to different levels of expression of the protease repressor sarA. Infection & Immunity 70: 4239-46.
[30]
Kayser, F.H.; Bienz, K.A. and Eckert, J. (2006). Medical Microbiology. 2nd ed., Thieme. Black well Science Ltd, London. P: 229-236.
[31]
Kernodle, D.S. 2000. Mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In Gram-positive pathogens. V.A. Fischetti, R.P. Novick, J.J. Ferretti, D.A. Portnoy, and J.I. Rood, editors. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC, USA. 609–620.
[32]
Kirby, WMM. Extraction of a higly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin resistant staphylococci. Science. 1944. 99: 452-453.
[33]
Livermore, D.M. (1995) b-lactamase in laboratory and clinical resistance. Clin. Microbial. Rev. 8: 557-584.
[34]
Lucas, T.J. (2007). An evaluation of 12 methods for the demonstration of penicillinase. J. Clin. PATHOL. 32: 1061-1065.
[35]
Mackie and MacCartney Practical Medical Microbiology. 14th ed., Churchill Living stone. Inc. New York. U.S.A.
[36]
Maddux MS. Effects of beta-lactamase-mediated antimicrobial resistance: the role of beta-lactamase inhibitors, Pharmacotherapy, 11(2), 40-50, 1991.
[37]
Maxwell, J.G., Ford, C.R., Paterson, D.E., Mitchell, C.R. (1969). Longterm study of nasal Staphylococci around hospital personel. Am. J. Surg., 118: 849-854.
[38]
Miedzobrodzki, J., Kaszycki, P., Bialecka, A. and Kasprowicz, A. (2002). Proteolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the colonized skin of patients with acute-phase atopic dermatitis. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 21: 269-76.
[39]
Muftin, F.S. (2000). The prevalence and virulence of Klebsiella spp. Isolated from urinary tract infection in human and study of their plasmid content. MSc. thesis. College of Science, University of Al-Mustansiriya, Baghdad.
[40]
Narayani TV, Shanmugam JJ, Naseema KK, Bhattacharya RN, Shyamkrishnan KG. Correlation between beta-lactamase production and MIC values against penicillin with co-agulase negative staphylococci, J Postgrad Med, 35(3), 147-151, 1989.
[41]
Noble, W. (1997). Staphylococcal carriage and skin and soft tissue infection. The Staphylococci in human disease. Crossley, K. and Archer, G. New York, Churchill Livingstone: 401-412.
[42]
Paul, M.O.; Aderiblgble, D.A.; Sule. C.Z. And Lamikanra, A.A. (1982). Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of hospital and non hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal carrier. J.Hvg. 89: 253-260.
[43]
Perret, G.J. (1954). Iodometric assay of penicillinase. Nature. 174:1012-1013.
[44]
Platt, Buckull R. A. (1984). An experimental evaluation of antiseptic wound irrigation. J Hospital Infect. 5: 182-188.
[45]
Poole K. Mechanisms of bacterial biocide and antibiotic resistance, Symp Ser Soc Appl Microbiol, 92, 55-64, 2002.
[46]
Prescott, H. (2002). Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology.5th ed., Mc Grow-Hill. New York, USA.
[47]
Projan, S. and Novick, R. (1997). The molecular basis of pathogenicity. The Staphylococci in human disease. Crossley, K. and Archer, G. New York, Churchill Livingstone: 55-81.
[48]
Saha B, Singh AK, Ghosh A, et al. 2008. Identifi cation and characterization of a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Kolkata (South Asia). J Med Microbial, 57: 72–9.
[49]
Salih, K.J. (2007). b-lactamase Detection in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. MSc. Thesis. College of Education. University of Duhok, Dohuk. Iraq.
[50]
Skinner, A. and Wise, R. (1977). A comparision of three rapid methods for detection of b-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae. J. Clin. Path. 30: 1030-1032.
[51]
Sperber, W. H. And Tatini, S.R. (1975). Interpretation of the tube coagulase test for identification of Staphylococcus aureas. Applied Microbiology; 29(4): 502-505.
[52]
Stubbs E, Pegler M, Vickery A, Harbour C. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Australian (Pre-clinical and clinical) medical students. J. Hosp. Infect. 1994; 2: 127-134.
[53]
Sykes, R.B. and Mathew, M. (1976). The b-lactamase of gram-negative bacteria and their role in resistance to b-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2: 115-157.
[54]
Tenover, F. and Gaynes, R. (2000). The epidemiology of Staphylococcus infections. Gram-positive pathogens. Fischetti, V., Novick, R., Ferretti, J., Portnoy, D. and Rood, J. ashington D.C., ASM Press: 414-421.
[55]
Tiwari HK, Sen MR. 2006. Emergence of VRSA from a tertiary care hospital from northern part of India. BMC Infect Dis, 6:156.
[56]
Todar, K. (2006). Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
[57]
http:// www./ bact.wisc.Edu/themicrobialworld/bactresanti.html. (Received from 19-9-2007).
[58]
Tombesty, D.C. and Keogh, J. (2005). Microbiology Demystified. 14th ed., Mc Grow-Hill. New York, USA.
[59]
View this article via: CrossRef
[60]
Voladri RKR, Kernodle DS. Characteristics of a chromosomal gene encoding type _β-lactamase in phage group II isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 42(12), 3163-3168, 1998.
[61]
WHO (1978). Techniques for the detection of beta-lactamase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 616: 137_143.
[62]
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia (2007). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus aureus. (Received from 2-9-2007).
[63]
Wilkinson, B. (1997). Biology. The staphylococci in human disease. Crossley, KB and Archer, GL. New York, Churchill Livinstone: 1-38.
[64]
Zhang, HZ, Hackbarth, CJ, Chansky, KM, Chambers, HF. A proteolytic transmembrane signaling pathway and resistance to beta-lactams in staphylococci. Science. 2001. 291: 1962-1965.
[65]
View this article via: PubMed CrossRef.