[01] Ibanga Ekong, Department of Community Health, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. [02] Joel Akilah, Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.

The need to apply innovative products in the management of malaria in Nigeria is encouraged by relevant policy. With the growing resistance to some known malaria vector insecticides, review was carried out for a mini-study that used wall cone bioassay on 5AIGR and 5AIGNG Inesfly Paint in GidanZakara of Keffi LGA and Masaka of Karu LGA, Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria to determine the effectiveness (knock-down) of the products for the control of local mosquito vectors and the residual efficacies of the products on the local mosquito vectors over a period of six months. The presented communication constitutes a review on the effectiveness of anti-mosquito paints that were deployed in twenty (20) randomly selected houses per site. The houses were painted with Inesfly paint (5AIGR and 5AIGRN) on the plastered walls. Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) of mosquitoes was carried out in the randomly selected houses before (control) and after they were painted. Cone bioassay was performed on 10% of the households to assess the quality of the painting. In both sites, monitoring was carried through cone bioassay and PSC for the period of six months post painting to determine the residual efficacy of the insecticide embedded admixture against the mosquitoes. Larval sampling was also carried in the two sites to collect Anopheles larvae. The larvae were reared to adulthood and preserved for the study. Though residual efficacy found that, on the average, 98%-100% Anopheles mosquitoes exposed to the paint were susceptible, this review will provide useful information for the discovery of effective anti-mosquito paints for malaria vector control in Nigeria and fill the gaps in knowledge.

Anti-Mosquito Paint, Malaria, Inesfly Paint

[01] World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [02] Global report on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors: 2010– 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. [03] Mosqueira B, Duchon S, Chandre F, Hougard J et al. Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes. Malaria Journal 2010 9: 340. [04] Improved Case Detection and Vector Control for Leishmaniasis. Accessed online at https://clinicalstudys.gov>NCT03269006 on 24/11/2018 at 3: 42am. [05] Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs: Report on the study of the toxicity and irritability of Inesfly 5A. Health Institute Carlos III Madrid; 1996. [06] International center of training and medical investigations (CIDEIM): Toxicity studies on Inesfly 5A IGR. CIDEIM, Cali (Colombia); 2003 [http://www.cideim.org.co]. [07] Amelotti I, Catalá SS, Gorla DE: Experimental evaluation of insecticidal paints against Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), under natural climatic conditions. Parasites & Vectors 2009, 2: 30-36. [08] Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1975. [09] Gillies MT and Meillon B. The Anophelina of Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian zoogeographical region) 1968. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research. [10] Gillies MT and Coetzee. A Supplement to the Anophelina of Africa South of the Sahara (Afrotropical region) 1987. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research. [11] Gillet JD. Common African Mosquitoes and Their Medical Importance. 1972. Accessed online at https://www.cabdirect/abstract/19722902081. [12] Kent RJ. The Mosquitoes of Mach, Zambia. 2006. Accessed online at https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d002f017bffc99fe21889/t/5a7ca49dc83. [13] Bruce - Chwatt LJ. Malaria in Nigeria. Bull World Health Organ. 1954; 4: 301-327. [14] Okwa O O, Akinmolayan F I, Carter V, Hurd H. Transmission dynamics of malaria in four selected ecological zones of Nigeria in the rainy season. Ann Afr Med 2009; 8: 1-9. [15] Mosqueira B, Chabi J, Chandre F, Akogbeto M, Hougard JM, Carnevale P, Mas-Coma S: Efficacy of an insecticide paint against malaria vectors and nuisance in West Africa. Part II: Field evaluations. Malar J. 2010.