[01] Isah Musa Fakai, Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. [02] Lukman Ango, Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. [03] Abubakar Abdulhamid, Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. [04] Ibrahim Sani, Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. [05] Ibrahim Hamza Kankia, Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria.

Phytochemical screening and effect of Datura metel aqueous seed extract was evaluated in albino rats. The phytochemicals were screen using standard method, enzymes were analyzed using standard method, kidney function indices were also determined using colorimetric method. The study revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycoside and phenol. The result shows that there was a decreased in body weight at all the doses when compared with the control. The result of the present study revealed a significant increased (P< 0.05) in ALP and activity at all the doses in both serum and kidney. Similarly, ALT activity significantly increased (P< 0.05) in serum at all the doses, but only at 200 and 300mg/kg bw, whereas no significant different (P > 0.05) at 100mg/kg bw in the kidney when compared with control. The result also show significant increased (P< 0.05) in AST activity in the kidney at all the doses, but only at 200 and 300mg/kg bw, and no significant difference at 100mg/kg bw in the serum when compared with control. The study revealed a significant increased (P<0.05) in serum urea, uric acid and calcium at all the doses of the extracts treated groups when compared with the control. It also revealed significant increased (P<0.05) in serum creatinine and potassium only at 300mg/kg bw, whereas no significant different at 100 and 200mg/kg bw when compared with the control. Furthermore, the result revealed significant increased (P<0.05) in serum sodium at 200 and 300mg/kg bw, and no significant difference (P>0.05) at 100mg/kg bw when compared with the control. It also revealed significant increased (P<0.05) in serum phosphate at 200 and 300mg/kg bw and show significant decreased (P<0.05) only at 100mg/kg bw of the extract treated groups when compared with the control. However, chloride levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased at all the doses when compared with the control group. The study therefore, revealed the presence of phytochemicals which attributed the plant to its effects on the functional ability of the kidney as revealed by alterations in the kidney function parameters analyzed.

Datura metel, Albino Rats, Kidney Function Indices, Makers Enzymes, Phytochemicals

[01] Gruta M, Mazumder U, Kumar T, Gamathari R (2004). Antioxidant and hepato protective effects of bullinia racemosa against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride liver damage in rats iran. Journ. Phoamacol. Ther. 3: 12-20. [02] Al-Daihan S., Al-Faham M., Al-shawi N., Almayman R., Brnawi A., Zargar S., Bhat RS (2013). Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants commonly used in Saudi Arabia against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 25: 115–120. [03] Lewis MH, Eluin-Lewis MP (1995). Medicinal plants as souce of New therapeutics. Ann Mo-bot. gardo, 82: 1624. [04] World Health Organisation (WHO) (2004). Traditional medicine World health Organization. Genella. P. 129. [05] Aderotimi M, Samirel A (2006). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assessment of Abu talo manritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura Sratnoum. Biokem. 18 (1): 39-44. [06] Yakubu MT, Adebayo OJ, Egwin EC, Owoyela BV (2005). Increase Liver alkaline phosphates and amino transaminase activities. Biochem. 17: 27-32. [07] Dorman HJ, Deans SG, (2002). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88: 308–316. [08] Anozie VL (1986). Pharmacogonostic studies on Datura metel linn. Macro-mophology and micro-mopholog of fruits and seeds: Herba polonica. 32(4): 197-208. [09] Kokate KK., Purohit AP., Gokhale SB 2008. Pharmacognosy, Forty second edition, Vallabh Prakashan, India, Pp. 13–44. [10] Donatus EO, Ephraim CI (2009). Isolation, characterization and antibacterial activity of alkaloid from Datura metel Linn leaves. Afric. Journ. of Pharm. and Pharmacol. 3(5): 277–281. [11] Yussuf, (1991). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies. International Journal of Pharmacog. 29: 252–258. [12] Harbone JB (Ed.), 1999. Phytochemical Dictionary. Taylor and Francis, London. [13] Sakthi SS., Saranraj P., Geetha M (2011). Antibacterial evaluation and phytochemical screening of Datura metel leaf extracts against bacterial pathogens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives 2 (4), 1130–1136. [14] Alabri THA., Al Musalami AHS., Hossain MA, Weli AM., Al-Riyami Q (2014). Comparative study of phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of fresh and dry leaves crude plant extracts of Datura metel L Journal of King Saud University – Science, 26: 237–243. [15] Free AH, Free HM (1972). Urinalysis, critical Displine of clinical science Rev. edition. Clin. Lab. Sci. 3(4): 481-531. [16] Ober MD, Gorrison RN, Welch MD, Hutchings T (2007). Essential of anatomy and physiology, 4th Edition, Fredric H. mar tinni, InC.USA. Pp. 578-610. [17] Agharkar SP (1991). Medicinal Plants of Bombay Presidency. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. Pp. 280-289. [18] Neumann W., Krautwald-Junghanns M.E., Riedel U. (1999). Diagnostic uses of ultrasonography in birds. Proc Assoc. Avian Vet. 39: 269–75. [19] Bonde M (2001). Endoscopic examination and biopsy techniques. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ,Harrison LR, editors. Avian medicine. Principles and application. Lake Worth: WingersPublishing; 1994. Pp. 327–54. [20] Sofowora A (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Specrum books Ltd Ibadan, Nigeria. P. 289. [21] Trease GE, Evans WC (2002). Pharmacognosy, 15th ed. Springer, Berlin. [22] Mbatchou, VC, Kosoono I (2012). Aphrodisiac activity of oils from Anacardium occidentale L. seeds. Phytopharmacology-Intern. J. Phytother. Bioact. Nat. Prod. 2: 81-91. [23] Burtis C, Ashwood E (1999). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. W.B. Saunders Company. London, 77-79. [24] Reitman S, Frankel S (1957). Serum marker enzymes. Am. J. of Clini. Path. 28:56. [25] Fawcett JK, Scott JE (1960). A rapid and precise method for the determination of urea. Clin path. 13: 156-159. [26] Fossati P, Prencipe L., Berti G (1980). Use of 3, 5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfunic acid/4-aminophenoazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine Clin. chem. 26: (2) 227-231. [27] Bartels H, Bohmer M, Heireli C (1972). Serum creatinine determination without protein precipitation. Clin. Chim. Acta. 37: 193–197. [28] Biggs HG, Moorehead WR (1974). Determination of serum calcium. Clin. Chem. 20: 1458–1460. [29] Tietz N (1983). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia Pp. 384. [30] Maruna RF, Trinder P (1958). Clinical chemistry. Acta, 2: 581-591. [31] Henry RF, Terri AE, Tietz NW (1974). Clinical chemistry Principles and Techniques 2nd edition. Harper and row, Hagars town. Pp. 167-169. [32] Tietz NW (1986). Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. Sauders company, London. Pp 300–305. [33] Evans WC (1996). Medicinal plants. Trease and evens, pharmacognosy. 14th edition, WB sanders ltd. London; 6: 119-159. [34] Lawal B, Shittu OK, Busari MB, Sani S, Aisha MI (2015) Safety evaluation of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata) haemolymph on hematological and biochemical parameters of albino rats. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 3(3): 122-30. [35] Yakubu MT, Musa IF (2012) Liver and kidney functional indices of pregnant rats following the administration of the crude alkaloids from Senna alata (Linn. Roxb) Leaves. Iran J Toxicol; 6(16): 615-25. [36] Hossain MA., Nagooru MR (2011). Biochemical profiling and total flavonoids contents of leaves crude extract of endemic medicinal plant Corydyline terminalis L. Kunth. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3(24), 25–29. [37] Giboney PT (2005). Mildly elevated liver transaminase levels in the asymptomatic patient. Am. Fam. Physic. 71(6):1105-10. [38] Singh A, Bhat TK, Sharma OP (2011). Clinical biochemistry of hepatotoxicity. J Clinic Toxicol doi: 10.4172/2161-0495.S4-001 [39] Boyal JW (1983). The mechanism relating to increases in plasma enzymes in disease of animals, Vet. Clin. Pathol. 12: 9-24. [40] Shittu OK, Lawal B, Alozieuwal BU, Haruna GM, Abubakar AN, Berinyuy EB (2015) Alteration in biochemical indices following chronic administration of methanolic extract of Nigeria bee propolis in Wistar rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. 5(8): 654-657.