[01] Muhammad Sarwar, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Pesticides in most cases are designed to kill pests; however, many pesticides can also pose risks to the peoples. But, in many cases the amount of pesticide to which peoples are likely to be exposed, is too small to pose a health risk. To determine risks, one must consider both the toxicity and hazard of the pesticide and the likelihood of exposure. A low level of exposure to a very toxic pesticide may be no more dangerous than a high level of exposure to a relatively low toxicity pesticide. The health effects of pesticides depend on the type of pesticide, some chemicals such as the organophosphates and carbamates; affect the nervous system, while others may irritate the skin or eyes. Some pesticides may be carcinogens, but others can affect the hormone or endocrine system in the body. The product label may have more specific instructions and try to identify and use products that are low in toxicity. As a medical professional, collecting of a thorough and complete exposure history of patients is essential to treat the case of pesticide poisoning. In either scenario, it is important to minimize the adults and children exposure to pesticides. Precautionary, store all pesticides out of the reach of children and in case of any accidental occasion contact to a medical professional. One way to minimize exposure to pesticides is to take approaches called Integrated Vector Management (IVM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) that are vector and pest control strategies which use a combination of methods to prevent and eliminate problems in the most effective and the least hazardous manner.

Pesticides, Integrated Management, Public Health, Preventing Risks, Health Effects

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Incident diabetes and pesticide exposure among licensed pesticide applicators: Agricultural Health Study, 1993-200. Am. J. Epidemiol., 167 (10): 235-246. [13] Pimentel, D., Culliney, T.W. and Bashore, T. 2013. Public health risks associated with pesticides and natural toxins in foods. IPM World Textbook. Regents of the University of Minnesota. [14] Sarwar, M. 2013 a. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - A Constructive Utensil to Manage Plant Fatalities. Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (3): 1-4. [15] Sarwar, M. 2013 b. Development and Boosting of Integrated Insect Pests Management in Stored Grains. Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (4): 16-20. [16] Sarwar, M. 2014 a. Dengue Fever as a Continuing Threat in Tropical and Subtropical Regions around the World and Strategy for Its Control and Prevention. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies, 2 (2): 1-6. [17] Sarwar, M. 2014 b. Proposing Solutions for the Control of Dengue Fever Virus Carrying Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies, 2 (1): 1-6. [18] Sarwar, M. 2014 c. Proposals for the Control of Principal Dengue Fever Virus Transmitter Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2 (2): 24-28. [19] Sarwar, M. 2014 d. Defeating Malaria with Preventative Treatment of Disease and Deterrent Measures against Anopheline Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies, 2 (4): 1-6. [20] Sarwar, M. 2015 a. Controlling Dengue Spreading Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Ecological Services by Frogs, Toads and Tadpoles (Anura) as Predators. American Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1 (1): 18-24. [21] Sarwar, M. 2015 b. Elimination of Dengue by Control of Aedes Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Utilizing Copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopidae). International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1 (1): 53-58. [22] Sarwar, M. 2015 c. Reducing Dengue Fever through Biological Control of Disease Carrier Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research, 1 (3): 161-166. [23] Sarwar, M. 2015 d. Control of Dengue Carrier Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae by Larvivorous Fishes and Putting It into Practice Within Water Bodies. International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research, 1 (4): 232-237. [24] Sarwar, M. 2015 e. Role of Secondary Dengue Vector Mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) for Dengue Virus Transmission and Its Coping. International Journal of Animal Biology, 1 (5): 219-224. [25] Sarwar, M., Ahmad, N., Bux, M., Nasrullah and Tofique, M. 2011. Comparative field evaluation of some newer versus conventional insecticides for the control of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The Nucleus, 48 (2): 163-167. [26] Sarwar, M.F., Sarwar, M.H. and Sarwar, M. 2015. Understanding Some of the Best Practices for Discipline of Health Education to the Public on the Sphere. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 2 (1): 1-4. [27] Sarwar, M.H., Sarwar, M.F. and Sarwar, M. 2014. Understanding the Significance of Medical Education for Health Care of Community around the Globe. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 1 (2): 149-152. [28] Sheiner, E.K., Sheiner, E., Hammel, R.D., Potashnik, G. and Carel, R. 2003. Effect of occupational exposures on male fertility: literature review. Ind. Health, 41 (2): 55-62. [29] World Health Organization. 2001. International code of conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2001.