[01] Muhammad Sarwar, Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Khyber (KPK), Pakistan.

Undoubtedly, the mosquitoes are one of the most important biting and dangerous insects in the world with the greatest detrimental impacts on humans. Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause some of the most terribly known human diseases, including malaria and they must feed on someone with the incidence of disease to transmit parasites to another person. Once ingested by a mosquito, malarial protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium undergo development within the mosquito before they are infectious to humans. When a female mosquito bites, it also injects an anticoagulant (anti-clotting chemical) into the host to keep the victim's blood flowing. As the malarial parasites enter the blood stream, they infect and destroy red blood cells of human characterized by symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma or death. Owing to the variation between states in epidemiology and control programs, not a single global approach is recommended to control malaria. Methods used to prevent the spread of disease or to protect individuals in areas where malaria is endemic, include reducing the number of malaria cases and deaths through prophylactic drugs, mosquito eradication, and the prevention of mosquito bites. New strategies for malaria prevention and control are emphasizing integrated vector management like removing or poisoning the breeding grounds of the mosquitoes, spraying and fogging to control adult mosquito populations in the residential and commercial areas, mosquito trapping technology, mosquito nets to keep vectors away from peoples, and global support to provide tools and resources required for disease control. The findings of this study can help to establish effective and appropriate vector control measures fitting with new challenges and contributing to sustain the success of malaria control program.

Malaria Control, Anopheles, Vector Management, Mosquito Control

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