[01] Corneille Luboya Tshiunza, Department of Educational Economy and Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Department of School Administration, Management and Training Center, National Pedagogical University, Kinshasa, RD Congo.

The governments of many countries around the world are initiated and implemented some strategies of school governance which aimed at improving education services and its quality. These strategies aim at decentralizing the decision-making power by increasing school performance, parental and community involvement in schools. Most of these strategies of school governance are implemented through school-based management reforms (SBM). The literature on school-based management is interested on the problems experiencing the school districts and schools during SBM initiations, implementations and evaluations. Many empirical and theoretical studies emphasize the SBM implementation challenges. Some of them point out the lack of theoretical framework suitable for empirical studies on the SBM structures, its operations and evaluations. Others still have to deal with the failure of many SBM operations and its inefficiency to bring the results desired by schools, school actors and stakeholders. These SBM reforms issues should be viewed in line with the context of educational policy of each country, provinces, associations and regional organizations, continental and worldview. This study reviews the existing theoretical frameworks and showed some practical challenges of implementation of SBM reforms. It uses some evidence cases of evaluating studies to show the effect of SBM reforms and emphasize the necessity of contextualization of SBM studies and its results. The study proposes the theoretical contributions based on the geographical approach of analysis of the SBM reforms, its initiation, implementation, evaluations and its challenges as perspective of SBM reforms.

School-Based Management, School Decentralization, School Participation and Competition, Accountability and Autonomy, Geographical Approach Analysis

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